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1.
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion ; (12): 851-856, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1004758

ABSTRACT

Platelets play a role in hemostasis in vivo, and platelet transfusion is the main means to treat bleeding diseases caused by thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. However, platelets are in short supply due to the increasing demand for platelet products in clinical, the limited number of blood donors and the disadvantages of platelet products such as short shelf life and bacteria contamination. Currently, induced pluripotent stem cells are considered an ideal source for producing platelets in vitro. They have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation into any cell type, and can be obtained and manipulated easily. Given the recent advances in megakaryocytic series, bioreactors, feeder-free cell production and large-scale propagation research, platelet preparations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells have gradually shown great potential for clinical applications. Considering the minimal risk of alloimmunization and tumorigenesis with these blood products, they are promising to become the standard source of future blood transfusions. This paper reviews the research progress of the methodological techniques of in vitro generation of platelets from induced pluripotent stem cells.

2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487669

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been considered a promising therapeutic alternative, since platelets are rich in growth factors that are used in the Regenerative Medicine field. However, fresh PRP cannot be stored for long periods. This study aimed to develop a protocol for obtaining lyophilized canine PRP capable of maintaining viability after its reconstitution. For that purpose, canine PRP extraction and lyophilization protocols were initially tested. Subsequently, assays were carried out to quantify the growth factors VEGF and TGF-, before and after the lyophilization process, gelation test and the three-dimensional gel structure analysis of the reconstituted lyophilized PRP by electron microscopy, as well as in vitro cell proliferation test in lyophilized PRP gel. Additionally, the immunogenicity test was performed, using allogeneic samples of lyophilized PRP. The results showed that the lyophilized PRP had adequate therapeutic concentrations of growth factors VEGF and TGF- (9.1pg/mL and 6161.6pg/mL, respectively). The reconstituted PRP gel after lyophilization showed an in vitro durability of 10 days. Its electron microscopy structure was similar to that of fresh PRP. In the cell proliferation test, an intense division process was verified in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the three-dimensional mesh structure of the lyophilized PRP gel. The immunogenicity test showed no evidence of an immune reaction. The findings were promising, suggesting the possibility of having a lyophilized canine PRP that can be marketed. New in vivo and in vitro studies must be carried out for therapeutic confirmation.


RESUMO: O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é uma alternativa terapêutica promissora, pois as plaquetas são ricas em fatores de crescimento com ação na regeneração de tecidos. No entanto, o PRP fresco não pode ser armazenado por longos períodos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de obtenção de PRP liofilizado canino capaz de manter a viabilidade pós reconstituição. Portanto, foram testados diversos protocolos de extração e liofilização. Para validação do PRP canino liofilizado foi analisada a concentração dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- antes e após o processo de liofilização, a estrutura tridimensional do PRP liofilizado reconstituído em forma de gel por microscopia eletrônica e seu efeito in vitro na proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais. Os resultados demonstraram que o PRP liofilizado apresentou concentrações terapêuticas adequadas dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- (9,1pg/ml e 6161,6pg/ml, respectivamente). O gel de PRP reconstituído após liofilização apresentou uma durabilidade in vitro de 10 dias, sua estrutura tridimensional mostrou-se semelhante ao PRP fresco e proporcionou intensa proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais durante o cultivo. O teste de imunogenicidade não demonstrou evidências de reação imune. Os achados foram promissores, sugerindo a possibilidade de uso de PRP canino liofilizado para o mercado. Novos estudos in vivo e in vitro deverão ser conduzidos para comprovação terapêutica.

3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06999, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1351280

ABSTRACT

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been considered a promising therapeutic alternative, since platelets are rich in growth factors that are used in the Regenerative Medicine field. However, fresh PRP cannot be stored for long periods. This study aimed to develop a protocol for obtaining lyophilized canine PRP capable of maintaining viability after its reconstitution. For that purpose, canine PRP extraction and lyophilization protocols were initially tested. Subsequently, assays were carried out to quantify the growth factors VEGF and TGF-β, before and after the lyophilization process, gelation test and the three-dimensional gel structure analysis of the reconstituted lyophilized PRP by electron microscopy, as well as in vitro cell proliferation test in lyophilized PRP gel. Additionally, the immunogenicity test was performed, using allogeneic samples of lyophilized PRP. The results showed that the lyophilized PRP had adequate therapeutic concentrations of growth factors VEGF and TGF-β (9.1pg/mL and 6161.6pg/mL, respectively). The reconstituted PRP gel after lyophilization showed an in vitro durability of 10 days. Its electron microscopy structure was similar to that of fresh PRP. In the cell proliferation test, an intense division process was verified in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the three-dimensional mesh structure of the lyophilized PRP gel. The immunogenicity test showed no evidence of an immune reaction. The findings were promising, suggesting the possibility of having a lyophilized canine PRP that can be marketed. New in vivo and in vitro studies must be carried out for therapeutic confirmation.(AU)


O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é uma alternativa terapêutica promissora, pois as plaquetas são ricas em fatores de crescimento com ação na regeneração de tecidos. No entanto, o PRP fresco não pode ser armazenado por longos períodos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de obtenção de PRP liofilizado canino capaz de manter a viabilidade pós reconstituição. Portanto, foram testados diversos protocolos de extração e liofilização. Para validação do PRP canino liofilizado foi analisada a concentração dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF-β antes e após o processo de liofilização, a estrutura tridimensional do PRP liofilizado reconstituído em forma de gel por microscopia eletrônica e seu efeito in vitro na proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais. Os resultados demonstraram que o PRP liofilizado apresentou concentrações terapêuticas adequadas dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- β (9,1pg/ml e 6161,6pg/ml, respectivamente). O gel de PRP reconstituído após liofilização apresentou uma durabilidade in vitro de 10 dias, sua estrutura tridimensional mostrou-se semelhante ao PRP fresco e proporcionou intensa proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais durante o cultivo. O teste de imunogenicidade não demonstrou evidências de reação imune. Os achados foram promissores, sugerindo a possibilidade de uso de PRP canino liofilizado para o mercado. Novos estudos in vivo e in vitro deverão ser conduzidos para comprovação terapêutica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , In Vitro Techniques , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Freeze Drying , Therapeutics , Dogs
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(4): 395-400, Apr. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895428

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intracytoplasmic lipid content, development and cryotolerance of in vitro-produced bovine embryos treated with different concentrations of forskolin before vitrification. Embryos were produced from abattoir-derived ovaries and allocated into four groups. In the treatment groups, forskolin was added to the in vitro culture medium on Day 6 and incubated for 24 hours in one of the following concentrations: 2.5µM (Forsk 2.5 group), 5.0µM (Forsk 5.0 group) or 10.0µM (Forsk 10.0 group). Embryos from the control group were cultured without forskolin. On Day 7 of culture, the expanded blastocysts were stained with the lipophilic dye Sudan Black B for determination of the intracytoplasmic lipid content or were cryopreserved via the Vitri-Ingá® procedure. Although there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the blastocyst rates between the Control group (44.9%) and the other treatments, the embryo production was lower (P<0.05) in Forsk 10.0 group (38.8%) compared to Forsk 2.5 (50.5%) and Forsk 5.0 (54.7%) groups. The intracytoplasmic lipid content (expressed in arbitrary units of pixels) in blastocysts from the Control group (1.00±0.03) was similar (P>0.05) to that found in Forsk 2.5 (0.92±0.03) and Forsk 10.0 groups (1.06±0.03) groups; however the lipid accumulation in blastocysts from Forsk 5.0 group (0.82±0.04) was lower than in the Control group (P<0.05). Based on these results, Forsk 5.0 treatment was tested for cryotolerance and it was observed that the blastocoel re-expansion rate evaluated 24 hours after warming was greater (P<0.05) in Forsk 5.0 group (72.2%) compared to the Control group (46.2%). In conclusion, pre-treatment with forskolin at a concentration of 5.0 µM for 24 hours before vitrification is effective in reducing the intracytoplasmic lipid content and, consequently, improves cryotolerance of IVP bovine embryos.(AU)


Os embriões foram produzidos a partir de ovários obtidos em abatedouro e foram alocados em quatro grupos experimentais. Nos grupos tratados, o forskolin foi adicionado ao meio de cultivo in vitro no dia 6 do cultivo e os embriões foram incubados durante 24 horas com uma das seguintes concentrações: 2,5µM (grupo Forsk 2,5), 5,0µM (grupo Forsk 5,0) ou 10,0µM (grupo Forsk 10,0). Os embriões do grupo controle foram cultivados na ausência de forskolin. No dia 7 do cultivo, os blastocistos expandidos foram corados com o corante lipofílico Sudan Black B para a determinação do teor de lípidos intracitoplasmáticos ou foram criopreservados através do protocolo Vitri-Ingá®. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) na taxa de produção de blastocistos entre o grupo Controle (44,9%) e os demais tratamentos, todavia observou-se menor produção de embriões (P<0,05) no grupo Forsk 10,0 (38,8%) em comparação com os grupos Forsk 2,5 (50,5%) e Forsk 5,0 (54,7%). A quantidade de lipídeos intracitoplasmáticos do grupo Controle (1,00±0,03) foi semelhante (P>0,05) a dos grupos Forsk 2,5 (0,92±0,03) e Forsk 10,0 (1,06±0,03); no entanto, o acúmulo de lípidos nos blastocistos do grupo Forsk 5.0 (0,82 ± 0,04) foi menor do que no grupo controle (P<0,05). A partir destes resultados, o grupo Forsk 5,0 foi testado quanto à criotolerância e foi observado que a taxa de re-expansão da blastocele 24 horas após o aquecimento foi maior (P<0,05) no grupo Forsk 5,0 (72,2%) quando comparado ao grupo Controle (46,2%). Em conclusão, o pré-tratamento com forskolin na concentração de 5,0 µM durante 24 horas antes da vitrificação foi eficiente para promover a redução da quantidade de lipídeos intracitoplasmáticos e, consequentemente, melhorou a criotolerância de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Colforsin , Embryo, Mammalian/physiology , Vitrification , Acclimatization/physiology , Lipids/analysis
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(6): 1497-1504, nov.-dez. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827936

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo, utilizou-se a melatonina e a proteína específica do oviduto (pOSP) nos meios de maturação in vitro. Foram avaliadas a expansão do complexo cumulus-ovócito (CCOs), as concentrações intracelulares de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e o desenvolvimento embrionário nos diferentes grupos (C = controle; T1 = somente com melatonina; T2 = com melatonina e pOSP e T3 somente com pOSP). No tocante à expansão do CCOs, houve diferença (P<0,05) dos valores obtidos no grupo C em relação aos valores médios dos grupos T1, T2 e T3, porém não houve diferença entre os valores obtidos nos tratamentos (P>0,05). Na dosagem de ROS, não houve diferença entre os valores médios obtidos no grupo C (26,4±10,9) e o valor verificado no grupo T1 (23,4±7,8), porém no grupo T2 (21,3±9,7) o valor médio mostrou-se satisfatório em relação ao valor do grupo C. No entanto, o valor médio do grupo T3 (16,6±10,5) foi o que demonstrou resultado mais satisfatório quando comparado aos demais grupos (P<0,05). A produção de embriões foi avaliada por meio da taxa de clivagem. Não houve diferença (P >0,05) entre os valores obtidos entre o grupo C (48,9 %) e os valores verificados nos grupos T1 (51,5 %), T2 (50 %), T3 (57,7 %), nem destes entre si. Este estudo permitiu concluir que a proteína específica do oviduto recombinante e a melatonina foram eficientes em melhorar a expansão dos CCOs. Além disso, as células tratadas com pOSP mostraram-se com menor quantidade de ROS, podendo a pOSP ser considerada um antioxidante proteico.(AU)


The present study used melatonin and recombinant oviduct specific protein (pOSP) in in vitro maturation medium (IVM). The expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), the intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and embryo development of the different groups were evaluated (C = control; T1 = melatonin; T2 = melatonin and pOSP and T3 = pOSP). Regarding the COCs expansion, the groups T1, T2 and T3 showed satisfactory results compared with group C (P<0.05), but there was no difference between treatments (P>0.05). In the ROS dosage, there was no difference between the mean values obtained in group C (26.4 ± 10.9) and group 1 (23.4 ± 7.8). However, in group 2 (21.3 ± 9.7), the average value was found to be satisfactory in relation group C. Despite that, the average value of treatment 3 (16.6 ± 10.5) was the most satisfactory result found compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The production of embryos was evaluated by cleavage rate, there was no difference between the values obtained in group C and the values recorded in groups T1 (51.5 %), T2 (50 %), T3 (57.7 %), and among them. This study showed that the pOSP and the melatonin were effective in the improvement of the expansion of COCs cells. In addition, the cells that were treated with pOSP presented a lower amount of ROS, allowing the pOSP to be considered a proteic antioxidant.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Embryonic Development , Fallopian Tubes/chemistry , Melatonin/administration & dosage , Swine , Antioxidants , Cleavage Stage, Ovum , Embryo Culture Techniques/veterinary , In Vitro Techniques/veterinary
6.
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion ; : 209-219, 2016.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-201804

ABSTRACT

Blood transfusion is a well-established cell therapy. However, blood available for transfusion is a limited resource and is available only through donations by healthy volunteers. Moreover, the perpetual and widespread shortage of blood products, problems related to transfusion transmitted infections, and new emerging pathogens have elicited an increase in demand for artificial blood. Therefore, research for alternative RBC substitutes has begun in the 1960s. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carrier (PBOC) were two popular study subjects; however, research on these substitute candidates was halted due to unsatisfactory results and safety issues, including death, in the 1990s. Since then, worldwide efforts to produce RBC have shifted over to stem cell-derived RBC production using cord blood and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, and some progress has been made. In terms of practical usefulness, however, large-scale production and cost effectiveness are still problematic. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have shown the potential to produce RBCs as unlimited cell sources. These two methods using hESCs and hiPSCs are also cost-effective since autologous and O, D negative blood RBCs will be used for alloimmunized patients with multiple alloantibodies or rare blood types (high incidence antigens) as well as universal blood production. We will review the current research on in vitro RBC production from hematopoietic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells and assess future directions in this field.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Substitutes , Blood Transfusion , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Erythrocytes , Fetal Blood , Healthy Volunteers , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Human Embryonic Stem Cells , In Vitro Techniques , Incidence , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells , Isoantibodies , Oxygen , Pluripotent Stem Cells , Stem Cells
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(6): 1483-1491, nov.-dez. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768158

ABSTRACT

In cattle, embryo development is characterized by the appearance of two distinct cell layers, the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. The latter will undergo differentiation to form the embryonic disc consisting of the epiblast and hypoblast. The aim of this study was to ultrastructurally characterize the bovine embryo from different in vitro production techniques, with emphasis on trophectoderm and inner cell mass cells. Bovine embryos on day 7 (conception = D1) of pregnancy, derived via in vitro production techniques, were fixed for light and transmission electron microscopy processing. Results suggested that embryos produced by nuclear transfer of somatic cells and parthenogenesis showed significant changes in macroscopic and microscopic structure. Size was reduced, and the inner cell mass had no defined shape. Furthermore, organelles responsible for the absorption processes, communication, growth, and cellular metabolism were fewer and had changes in shape, when compared to results in embryos produced by in vitrofertilization. We concluded that embryos produced by parthenogenesis and SCNT exhibit morphological differences when compared with IVF embryos, such as undeveloped blastocoel, poorly defined distribution of ICM, and morphological differences in organelles.


Em bovinos, o desenvolvimento embrionário é caracterizado pelo surgimento de duas camadas distintas, o trofectoderma e a massa celular interna. Este último irá sofrer diferenciação para formar o disco embrionário, o qual consiste em epiblasto e hipoblasto. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar ultraestruturalmente o embrião bovino proveniente de diferentes técnicas de produção in vitro, com ênfase no trofectoderma e na massa celular interna. Embriões bovinos com sete dias de gestação (fecundação = D1), derivados de técnicas de produção in vitro, foram fixados para processamento de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Os resultados sugerem que os embriões produzidos por transferência nuclear de células somáticas e partenogênese apresentaram alterações significativas em suas estruturas macro e microscópica. O tamanho foi reduzido, e a massa celular interna não tinha uma forma definida. Além disso, organelas responsáveis por processos de absorção, comunicação, crescimento e metabolismo celular estavam em menor número e tinham alterações na forma quando comparadas aos resultados em embriões produzidos por fertilização in vitro. Conclui-se que os embriões produzidos por SCNT e partenogênese apresentam diferenças morfológicas quando comparados aos embriões de fertilização in vitro, tais como blastocele pouco desenvolvida, massa celular interna pouco definida e diferenças morfológicas nas organelas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Blastocyst/physiology , Embryonic Development , Embryo, Mammalian/ultrastructure , Cloning, Organism/veterinary , Embryo, Mammalian/anatomy & histology , Parthenogenesis , In Vitro Techniques/veterinary
8.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 30(3): 249-256, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723762

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales en líquido ascítico ha ido decayendo paulatinamente por la aparición de alternativas de producción in Vitro, que permiten alcanzar mayores volúmenes y un control más riguroso del proceso productivo, lo que incrementa la reproducibilidad de procesos y la calidad de los productos. Objetivo: evaluar dos métodos de producción de sobrenadante de cultivo rico en una inmunoglobulina de ratón del tipo IgG2b, aglutinadora de hematíes humanos portadores del antígeno del grupo sanguíneo B, según el sistema ABO; la cual es secretada por el hibridoma C6G4. Métodos: se evaluaron dos métodos de producción del anticuerpo con el empleo de un biorreactor CELLine, útil como modelo para la obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales en cultivos de alta densidad celular. Los métodos se diferenciaron esencialmente en la densidad celular de siembra en el biorreactor y en la duración del periodo de fermentación entre la siembra y la cosecha del caldo de cultivo rico en anticuerpos. Para cada método se determinó la concentración específica de anticuerpos y la potencia de aglutinación del sobrenadante, así como la densidad y la viabilidad celular del cultivo alcanzadas en el momento de la cosecha. Resultados: se observó que ambos métodos generaron sobrenadantes de cultivo con una potencia de aglutinación similar, a pesar de que se encontraron diferencias en el resto de las variables medidas. Si bien uno de los métodos produjo una mayor concentración de anticuerpos en el sobrenadante, no se observaron diferencias en la potencia de aglutinación de los sobrenadantes obtenidos por ambas alternativas. Conclusiones: los dos métodos estudiados permitieron obtener volúmenes semejantes de sobrenadante anti-B con diferentes concentraciones de anticuerpos, pero con una potencia de aglutinación similar. La principal diferencia residió en que uno de los métodos permitió obtener el mismo volumen del producto en un tiempo sensiblemente menor...


Introduction : the obtention of monoclonal antibodies in ascite fluid has been declining gradually due to the appearance of alternative in vitro production that achieve higher volumes and a more precise monitoring of the production process, which increases the reproducibility of processes and the quality of products. Objective : to evaluate two methods to make cell culture supernatant rich in murine monoclonal IgG2b type, with agglutinating activity against human red cell of blood group antigen B (ABO system), which is secreted by murine hybridoma C6G4. Methods : two methods were evaluated for antibody production in cell culture supernatant using as model a CELLine bioreactor for the production of monoclonal antibodies in high cell density culture. Both methods essentially differed in the seeding cell density in the bioreactor and the fermentation period between seeding and harvesting of the culture broth rich in antibodies. The specific antibody concentration and potency of agglutination was determined in the obtained supernatant and also the cell density and cell viability of the culture reached at the time of harvest. Results : both methods generated culture supernatants with similar agglutination strength despite differences found in the rest of the variables measured. Even when one of the methods produced a higher antibody concentration in the supernatants, no differences in potency of the supernatants agglutination obtained by both alternatives were observed. Conclusions : both methods generated supernatant anti-B with different concentrations of antibodies but similar potency of agglutination. The main difference was that with one of the methods the same volume of the product was obtained in a considerably minor time...


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Group Antigens , Antibody Formation/physiology , Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use , Agglutination Tests/methods , Bioreactors/microbiology , ABO Blood-Group System
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(1): 108-113, Feb. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617936

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficácia dos tratamentos, definidos pela International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS), de oócitos bovinos, maturados in vitro e expostos experimentalmente à Leptospira interrogans sorovar Grippotyphosa. Os oócitos foram obtidos por meio de punção folicular, selecionados e distribuídos em quatro grupos, expostos ao patógeno e submetidos aos diferentes tipos de tratamentos. Foram expostos à cepa na concentração de 4,7.10(5)/µL, virulenta e não adaptada ao meio de manutenção EMJH, e, de 6,3.10(5)/µL, avirulenta e adaptada ao meio, por 24 horas. Os grupos tratados com tripsina ou antibióticos apresentaram eficácia de 21,7 por cento, e o grupo lavado sequencialmente 33,4 por cento. Os tratamentos não foram eficazes para os contaminados com a cepa avirulenta. Concluiu-se que as normas de controle de qualidade estabelecidas pela IETS poderiam ser revisadas e, possivelmente, redefinidas, uma vez que a eficácia dos tratamentos, provavelmente, não depende somente da espécie do patógeno, pois há interferência da virulência e de ação dos tratamentos sobre o tipo de patógeno.


The research purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments established by the IETS, in bovine oocytes maturated in vitro, exposed experimentally to Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa. The oocytes were obtained through follicular puncture, selected and randomly allotted in four groups, exposed to the pathogen and subjected to different types of treatments. They were exposed to the strain in the concentration of 4.7x10(5)/µL virulent and not adapted to the EMJH, and to 6,3x10(5)/µL, virulent and adapted to the medium, for 24 hours. The treatments presented for the groups with trypsin or antibiotics, 21.7 percent efficiency, and the group washed sequentially presented 33.4 percent efficiency. The treatments were not effective for those infected with avirulent strain. In the statistical analysis, by χ², was found significance in the results obtained. The standards of quality control established by IETS could be reviewed and possibly redefined, since the effectiveness of treatment probably depends not only on the species of the pathogen, but is also affected by its virulence and treatment effectiveness.

10.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 48(4): 336-343, ago. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1470985

ABSTRACT

Para melhor compreender as diferenças entre zebuínos e taurinos em relação à resistência ao ETC, objetivou-se verificar se a resistência ao ETC é resultado da contribuição genética do oócito, do espermatozoide ou de ambos. Oócitos de vacas das raças Nelore e mestiças com fenótipo predominante da raça Holandesa preto e branco (mHPB) foram coletados, maturados e fertilizados com espermatozoide de touros das raças Nelore (N), Angus (An), Brahman (Bra) e Gir (Gir). Noventa e seis horas pós-inseminação (hpi), embriões > 16 células foram separados ao acaso em dois grupos: controle e ETC. Embriões do grupo controle foram cultivados a 39 ºC continuamente e do grupo ETC expostos a 41 ºC por 12 horas, retornando a seguir para 39 ºC. Não foi observado efeito do ETC nas raças estudadas, sem redução nas taxas de blastocisto e blastocisto eclodido. As taxas de clivagem e mórula dos embriões mHPB x Gir foram inferiores (p < 0,05) às das demais raças. As raças mHPB x N apresentaram taxas de blastocisto superiores as raças mHPB x An e mHPB x Gir (p < 0,05). Concluiu-se que a contribuição genética do oócito é mais importante do que a do espermatozoide, uma vez que a raça do touro não influenciou a resistência embrionária ao ETC.


To better understand the differences related to HS resistance between Bos indicus and Bos taurus, we aim to verify if the HS tolerance is due mostly to the genetic contribution from the oocyte, spermatozoa or both. Oocytes from Nelore and crossbreed Holstein cows (cHST) were collected, matured and fertilized with semen from Nelore (N), Angus (An), Brahman (Bra) and Gir (Gir) bulls. Nine six hours post insemination (hpi), > 16 cells embryos were separated in two groups: control and HS. In control group, embryos were cultured at 39 ºC, whereas in the HS group, embryos were subjected to 41 ºC for 12 h, and then returned to 39 ºC. There was no effect of HS on blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates in all breeds analyzed. The percentage of oocytes that cleaved and reached morula stage was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cHST x Gir as compared to the other breeds. Additionally, blastocyst rates was higher in cHST x N than in cHST x An and cHST x Gir (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the oocyte is more important than the spermatozoa for the development of thermotolerance, since the breed of the bull did not influence embryo development after HS.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Cattle/classification , Ethnic Distribution , Health of Ethnic Minorities , Heat Stress Disorders/genetics , Embryo, Mammalian
11.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 48(4): 332-335, ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-642206

ABSTRACT

Para melhor compreender as diferenças entre zebuínos e taurinos em relação à resistência ao ETC, objetivou-se verificar se a resistência ao ETC é resultado da contribuição genética do oócito, do espermatozoide ou de ambos. Oócitos de vacas das raças Nelore e mestiças com fenótipo predominante da raça Holandesa preto e branco (mHPB) foram coletados, maturados e fertilizados com espermatozoide de touros das raças Nelore (N), Angus (An), Brahman (Bra) e Gir (Gir). Noventa e seis horas pós-inseminação (hpi), embriões > 16 células foram separados ao acaso em dois grupos: controle e ETC. Embriões do grupo controle foram cultivados a 39 ºC continuamente e do grupo ETC expostos a 41 ºC por 12 horas, retornando a seguir para 39 ºC. Não foi observado efeito do ETC nas raças estudadas, sem redução nas taxas de blastocisto e blastocisto eclodido. As taxas de clivagem e mórula dos embriões mHPB x Gir foram inferiores (p < 0,05) às das demais raças. As raças mHPB x N apresentaram taxas de blastocisto superiores as raças mHPB x An e mHPB x Gir (p < 0,05). Concluiu-se que a contribuição genética do oócito é mais importante do que a do espermatozoide, uma vez que a raça do touro não influenciou a resistência embrionária ao ETC.


To better understand the differences related to HS resistance between Bos indicus and Bos taurus, we aim to verify if the HS tolerance is due mostly to the genetic contribution from the oocyte, spermatozoa or both. Oocytes from Nelore and crossbreed Holstein cows (cHST) were collected, matured and fertilized with semen from Nelore (N), Angus (An), Brahman (Bra) and Gir (Gir) bulls. Nine six hours post insemination (hpi), > 16 cells embryos were separated in two groups: control and HS. In control group, embryos were cultured at 39 ºC, whereas in the HS group, embryos were subjected to 41 ºC for 12 h, and then returned to 39 ºC. There was no effect of HS on blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates in all breeds analyzed. The percentage of oocytes that cleaved and reached morula stage was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cHST x Gir as compared to the other breeds. Additionally, blastocyst rates was higher in cHST x N than in cHST x An and cHST x Gir (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the oocyte is more important than the spermatozoa for the development of thermotolerance, since the breed of the bull did not influence embryo development after HS.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Cattle/classification , Ethnic Distribution , Health of Ethnic Minorities , Heat Stress Disorders/genetics , Embryo, Mammalian
12.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 53(2): 285-291, Mar.-Apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-546558

ABSTRACT

In this study, the kinetic behavior of Sf9 and Sf21 cells used in the production of a baculovirus biopesticide to control the pest of corn Spodoptera frugiperda was analyzed. Kinetic variables such as maximum specific growth rate, cell productivity, mean rate of infection, as well as the mean rate of occlusion body production were determined during the infection of these cell-lines with the extracellular virus of the S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). The Sf9 cell-line resulted in better viral production results (5.0 x 10(8) OB/mL) than the Sf21 cell-line (2.5 x 10(8) OB/mL).


Neste trabalho, analisou-se o comportamento cinético das células Sf9 e Sf21 utilizadas na produção de biopesticida para o controle de Spodoptera frugiperda. Variáveis cinéticas, como velocidade específica máxima de crescimento, produtividade em células, velocidade média de infecção e a velocidade média de produção de OB foram determinadas durante a infecção destas linhagens com o vírus extracelular do nucleopoliedrovirus de S. frugiperda. A linhagem Sf9 resultou em melhores resultados de produção do baculovírus (5 x 10(8) OB/mL), quando comparada à linhagem Sf21 (2,5 x 10(8) OB/mL) e outras linhagens da literatura.

13.
Microbiology ; (12)1992.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-683740

ABSTRACT

A simple method for in vitro production of sporangia by Phytophthora boehmeriae causing cotton boll blight in China was developed, and a method for dilution of zoospore suspensions was presented as well, Large amounts of sporangia were obtained when mycelial mats, produced from Potato extract-Dextrose Liquid (PDL) or Bean extract-Dextrose Liquid (BDL) at 24 ℃ for 48—72 hr ,were rinsed with Mineral Salt Solution (MSS) four times at 20—22℃ for 10—12 h with continuous fluorescent light (cool white), and incubated for additional 12 h after drained off MSS. Darkness favored oospore whereas suppressed sporangial production by P. boehmeriae. BDB is superior to PDB in the production of oospores and sporangia by P. boehmeriae as evidenced by the amount of sporangia or oospores and in particular the fact that the color change of mycelial mats from light orange to purple was synchronous with the sporulation of P. boehmeriae. Tris-succinate buffer(pH6.8, 5.0mmol/L, TSB) was the quantitatively excellent diluent for preserving motility of zoospores of P. boehmeriae in the dilution process.

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